Monday, 8 October 2012

Understanding Cochlear Implants


Deafness is defined as a degree of impairment such that a person is unable to understand speech even in the presence of amplification. However, should being deaf be considered an impairment, or even a disability?  What is the difference between the two? A disabled person is one with an impairment who experiences disability. Disability is the result of negative interactions that take place between a person with an impairment and his or her social environment. Impairment is therefore part of a negative interaction, but it is not the cause of, nor does it justify, disability. (1)

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a gene. Most mutations are silent (cause no real change) or neutral (cause a change that does not make any real difference). Of those that do make a difference, most are harmful (at least in the organism’s current circumstances), but a small percentage simply cause an alteration in function, or may even provide an advantage. (2) Also, whether a mutation is harmful or not is sometimes situational – a change which is harmful in some situations may actually be beneficial in others. (2)
Depending on the altercation of the genetic code, it would be considered a blessing or a curse. For example, if the genetic code was mutated and there are no obvious changes in the phenotype, this mutation could aid the organism. It is possible that the abnormal protein functions more efficiently than the normal protein, it may be beneficial to the organism.

I disagree with the fact that anyone, even if they are disabled or not, should have the right to abort their child. Abortion should not be allowed where the baby, if born, would suffer from physical or mental handicaps. Allowing this as a reason for abortion is offensive to disabled people because it implies that they, and their lives, are less worthwhile than the lives of “normal” people. Therefore, disabled people should not have the right to abort their child either if they are born “normal”.

Cochlear implants function differently from heading aids. A cochlear implant uses electrical signals to stimulate the auditory nerve. (3) This allows sound to skip around damaged hair cells in the cochlea and go directly to the brain. (3) The user has a speech processor that collects sound and converts it into electrical signals. The processor then sends those signals to the coil on the user’s head (held in place by a magnet under the skin). The coil in turn transmits the electrical signals to the cochlear implant electrodes inside the cochlea. The electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve, and the auditory nerve sends the signals to the person’s brain to be interpreted into sound. (3)

In my opinion, Heather should get the opportunity to get the cochlear implant. She is still at a young age where learning to speak properly is possible. Even though her parents never got the opportunity to interact with the hearing, they should allow Heather to experience what it is like to hear. Heather will still be able to communicate with her parents through sign language. Just like any type of surgery, there will be risks and the costs will be expensive. However, this will allow for Heather to be involved with school and other extra-curricular activities that will eventually shape her personality and change her life in a positive way. 

References
  1. About mutation. (2004, September 25). Retrieved from http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/Mutation.htm
  2. Chadwick, A. (n.d.). Defining impairment and disability. Retrieved from http://www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies/archiveuk/Northern%20Officers%20Group/defining%20impairment%20and%20disability.pdf
  3. Berke, J. (2011. June 22). What is a cochlear implant. Retrieved from http://deafness.about/com/cs/cochlearfeatures/a/cochlearimplant.htm

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